Nuclear and radiation accident how far away from us

Radiation protection principle

Nuclear energy and nuclear irradiation unit has walked into public life, but still blindfolded mysterious veil. wholesale mac  Our distance nuclear and radiation accident how far? The dangers of nuclear and radiation accidents extent what size is it?

Life on earth, everyone can't avoid radioactive radiation. We often say that radiation is divided into two kinds: ionizing radiation and the ionizing radiation. The ionizing radiation refers to electromagnetic radiation, laser, etc. Ionizing radiation refers to nuked or radiation from the radiation accidents. According to sources, ionizing radiation can be divided into natural ionizing radiation and artificially ionizing radiation. Natural ionizing radiation from outer space and the earth itself. Artificially ionizing radiation from human activities. Due to the scientific and technological progress, but through the reactors produce many kinds of artificially radioactive isotopes, create multiple ray device.

According to the UN atomic radiation effect committee of data, the radiation dose per person per year to accept in heshbon 2.4 baekho mSv, radiation dose (units). Among them, the dose of radon in from the air for heshbon 1.16 a baekho, close to half of the per capita accept dose. Radon comes mainly from soil and all kinds of building materials. Indoor radon exposure after smoking in lung cancer, is the second important factor induced lung cancer. So, international and China are given for indoor radon concentration limits.

Generally speaking, indoor radon concentrations than outside. The ground and all the building materials contain radium in 226 (Madame Curie discovered the decay of radioactive elements), namely for radon 222 product with outdoor air, if not more, will more gather circulation. Solution a is ventilated; cheap mac makeup Two is to take measures to seal, make the ground, building materials of radon not easy to run into the house; Three is not choose radioactive high content of building materials.

Countries to food, drinking water of radionuclide content also have restrictions. Radionuclide enters the body, impact on health.

Ionizing radiation on human health effects can be divided into several circumstances: change (information) -- when the rays in some body index change, such as chromosome aberrtion rate change, but this kind of change on human health effects is unclear; Injury (damage) -- after the harmful rays caused changes, such as killing cells, but for health without influence, because the human body cell must have cell metabolism, constantly born or apoptosis; Damage (harm) - refers to the harmful can be observed in clinical changes; Harm (detriment) - consider the damage occurred probability, the severity, duration, the comprehensive index factors such as not to express, mainly for the dosage of evaluation.

Ionizing radiation damage to human body are divided into two classes: the deterministic effects and randomicity effect. Deterministic effects of radiation dose refers to accept beyond a certain threshold will appear effect, its clinical manifestations are vomiting, hair loss, cataracts, lust, reduce, white is reduced, and the various types of radiation sickness, until death. Randomness effect refers to the radiation dose cancer incidence caused by increased, no dose threshold. In principle to accept any small doses of radiation, can cause cancer incidence increased. Once cause cancer, its course and seerity and accept radiation irrelevant.

The Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the atomic bomb has been exposed ionizing radiation, hundreds of thousands of people. According to these people of the survey results, radiation causes leukemia cases, followed by increased most frequent multiple myeloma. Benign and unexplained tumour also have increased. Only colorectal, pancreatic and ovarian cancer cases, and no, not as the crowd by increased compared.

As I already mentioned, earth will accept 2.4 per person per year and natural ionizing radiation worst-priced, moreover due to various reasons will have different degrees of increase. Nuclear fuel cycle worker (including nuclear reactor operators, miners, smelting work, etc.) to accept the average annual professional illuminate dose of 1.0 a baekho ho, medical professional illuminate of 0.3 a baekho wishes.

Medical illuminate the radiation dose: caused lighter is chest, oral, limb X-ray diagnosis, accept the effective dose every time about 0.01 baekho ho, produce additional cancer rates can be neglected; Some of the skull is heavier, head, neck, and each receive X-ray diagnosis for the effective dose was about 0.1 baekho; Then some of the mammary gland is heavy, hip, abdomen, head CT etc, illuminate a human accept effective dose for 1 baekho ho, caused the cancer in ten thousand 1/0 additional incidence between the PPM. Accept radiation dose most is a kidney, bladder X-ray diagnosis (April), stomach BeiCan and stomach enema etc, the radiation dose for each accept heshbon 10 baekho caused cancer additional risk, in PPM to one in 1,000 between.

Occupational exposure dosage of each accepted limits, every year cannot exceed 20 effective dose for the general public, worst-priced and each year, the effective dose, each accept no more than 1 baekho wishes.

Mother pregnant by 1 to 3 weeks, not affect fetal as. While pregnant within three weeks during childbirth by as, will lead to cancer incidence increased live births. 15 weeks pregnant by eighth considerate as the most dangerous, easy cause fetal intelligence drops.

To avoid any unnecessary exposure. In protection in principle, first is to prevent the occurrence of deterministic effects, as random effects to acceptable levels. Engaged in any work connected with ionizing radiation, discount mac cosmetics  should have justified reasons, namely "practice of legitimacy"; Secondly, is engaged in this kind of work to have the best protection measures, namely "protection optimization"; Third, achieve the above two points, practitioners are acceptable radiation dose can't than dose limits.